Maven Jetty and Tomcat dependencies with JSP / JSTL errors

I use Jetty as a Maven plugin during development, but tend to run Tomcat as my deployment server. (Not sure "production" is appropiate as it's my personal server). My applications are often java MVC based utilising some form of JSP.

This combination creates a slight issue with dependencies for JSP and JSTL. If you have ever seen this error when running mvn jetty:run:

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.el.ExpressionFactoryImpl

Or these errors when running in tomcat when it was okay in jetty:

javax.servlet.jsp.JspApplicationContext
.getExpressionFactory()Ljavax/el/ExpressionFactory


or

org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to read TLD "META-INF/c.tld" from JAR file

or

java.lang.LinkageError: loader constraint violation: loader (instance of org/apache/catalina/loader/WebappClassLoader) previously initiated loading for a different type with name "javax/el/ExpressionFactory"

Over the last few years I have perservered and solved this flat wheel in different ways. However in my recent deja-vue I now have a tidy solution. (the project where this is visable is my up4 project. github source, demo)

I am utilising the jetty maven plugin, and the tomcat maven plugin to show how this works.


<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
   <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
   <version>7.0.2.v20100331</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
   <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
   <artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>


To utilise JSP pages and JSTL EL with e.g. Spring MVC / Struts Tiles you perhaps expect these types of maven dependencies, remembering that most containers include support for Servelet API and JSPs:


<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.5</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
   <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.1</version>
   <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
   <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>


If you then try mvn clean jetty:run you may end up with a:

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.el.ExpressionFactoryImpl

A response which will solve the jetty problem is to include some jstl EL dependencies:


<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.5</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
   <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.1</version>
   <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
   <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
   <artifactId>jasper-el</artifactId>
   <version>6.0.26</version>
</dependency>


mvn jetty:run

This should now work fine in Jetty (test in browser as well).

Now try the application in tomcat: mvn clean tomcat:run . It will moan about unable to read some the JSTL taglibs:

org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to read TLD "META-INF/c.tld" from JAR file

This due to the compile scope of the jsp-api dependency, changing this to provided:


<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.5</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
   <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.1</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
   <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
   <artifactId>jasper-el</artifactId>
   <version>6.0.26</version>
</dependency>


Test first in mvn jetty:run , which should be okay.

Then in mvn clean tomcat:run . It starts ok, but on the first browser test this error appears:

javax.servlet.jsp.JspApplicationContext
.getExpressionFactory()Ljavax/el/ExpressionFactory


Okay, so Tomcat does not like JSTL EL dependencies as it provides them itself, so my initial respone was to have a separate profile which changed the scope of the dependency to provided for tomcat builds only. However on further reflection it turns out the spec says JSP & EL should be provided by the container. So in fact the problem lays with Jetty, and it turns out the move to eclipse.org created a licensing issue with JSP, so jetty does not include the appropiate libs. So to fix this the correct dependencies will have to be:

In your plugins section:


<plugin>
   <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
   <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
   <version>7.0.2.v20100331</version>
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
       <artifactId>jsp-2.1-glassfish</artifactId>
       <version>9.1.1.B60.25.p2</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
       <artifactId>el-api</artifactId>
       <version>6.0.26</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
       <artifactId>jasper-el</artifactId>
       <version>6.0.26</version>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</plugin>


And in your normal dependencies section:


<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.5</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
   <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.1</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
   <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
   <artifactId>el-api</artifactId>
   <version>6.0.26</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
   <artifactId>jasper-el</artifactId>
   <version>6.0.26</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>


mvn jetty:run & mvn tomcat:run

Voila.


Ps. If you are providing a WAR for another jetty container, you may want to create a profile section which include the provided dependencies.

Ps2. If you prefer Sun's EL libs then replace the org.apache.tomcat dependencies with:

<dependency>
   <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
   <artifactId>el-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.2</version>
   <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
   <artifactId>el-impl</artifactId>
   <scope>runtime</scope>
   <version>2.2</version>
</dependency>

Comments

Comments below were made on a legacy Blog, before move to current Blog (February 2019)

Anonymous:

I have tried your solution and it works only with jetty. With tomcat, application returns blank page.

Best regards

31 Aug 2010, 15:36:00
chrc:

Great Ivar !
It's work fine for me ;-)

21 Oct 2010, 17:16:00
Einu:

THANK YO SOOOOOOOOOOOOO MUCH!!

I've been trying to deploy my web aplicattion JSF 2.0 based during 10 days until i found this post.

:)

By

22 Dec 2010, 18:04:00
comment author
Jorge:

Thank you Ivar!
It has been really help

1 Feb 2011, 16:15:00
misuss:

Thank you very much for your post.
I finnally managed to solve my problem using your dependencies.

Latest versions also work:
- jetty-maven-plugin/7.3.1.v20110307
- jsp-2.1-glassfish/2.1.v20100127
- el-api/6.0.32
- jasper-el/6.0.32

My problem was complicated because by maven misconfiguration I got gwt-dev/2.1.0 dependency to server module which was conflicting with many classes (JSP, EL, etc.) leading to many unclear errors.

16 Mar 2011, 21:02:00
Anonymous:

Many thanks. It's really helpfull.

3 Nov 2011, 19:47:00
Anonymous:

Thanks a bunch, I'm new to Maven and managed to get my jetty-websocket test to work by adding the right dependecy for the plugin.
Cheers!

29 Nov 2012, 22:17:00
comment author
Sagun Pandey:

I was never more happy. Thank you, this was a great post. Kudos for help ;)

12 Oct 2015, 11:17:00
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